As climate change impacts proliferate, there is need for the rapid formation and scale out of adaptive planning initiatives that support positive long-term outcomes for rural communities. To date, many initiatives have been criticised for adopting a narrow climate-centric perspective on the causal factors that drive livelihoods risk, with implications for adaptation success. We address this by developing a Livelihoods-Based Risk Profiling (LRP) Framework, that assesses risk from a multi-disciplinary and holistic perspective. The LRP adopts a participatory mixed-methods approach to better understand the complex interplays between climate change, additional non-climatic hazards that exist in the environment, and the characteristics of local-scale natural resource dependence and vulnerability that influence livelihood impacts. We apply the LRP in three rural communities in Western Province, Solomon Islands. LRP outputs reveal significant interplays between resource exploitation (i.e., commercial logging and coastal fishing) and climate change, with natural resources severely degraded in areas where these hazards interact. In these contexts, local reliance on natural resources has driven extensive livelihood impacts, heightened by limited local capacity to access alternate resource types. By leveraging LRP insights, we can tailor and target adaptation initiatives to better address the complex drivers of risk that threaten rural livelihoods sustainability.