The Australian Museum’s Marine Invertebrates collection contains over 511,000 specimens and lots, dating from the 1800s. The collection is one of the largest in the southern hemisphere and includes over twenty major groups of marine invertebrates, excluding molluscs. One of these taxon groups is Cnidaria, which includes jellyfish (Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, and Hydrozoa). Despite frequent interactions between jellyfish and humans, especially with hydrozoan ‘stingers’, the number of jellyfish in the Australian Museum collection is small (~ 500 lots). However, there are some very important and rare jellyfish in the collection. Here, I will highlight some of these jellyfish, including deep-water discoveries in the Australian Indian Ocean Territories by the ‘RV Investigator’, and recent shallow water discoveries of Cubozoa from southeastern Australia. Finally, I will discuss the importance of further exploration and sampling to better understand Australian jellyfish biodiversity.