Standard Presentation 2024 Australian Marine Sciences Association Annual Meeting combined with NZMSS

Kelp in Hot Water? Investigating the Responses of Aotearoa New Zealand’s Giant Kelp Populations to Marine Heatwaves. (#44)

Imogen C Bunting 1 2 , Laura Bornemann Santamaria 1 2 , Neill Barr 3 , Sarah J Bury 3 , Matt Desmond 4 , Chris Hepburn 4 , Yun Yi Kok 3 , Erik C Krieger 1 2 5 , Duong Le 4 , Nathan J Kenny 6 , Roberta D'Archino 3 , Christopher E Cornwall 1 2
  1. School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Te Aro, Wellington, North Island, New Zealand
  2. Coastal People: Southern Skies Centre of Research Excellence, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
  3. National Institute of Water and Atmosphere Research, Taihoro Nukurangi, Wellington, New Zealand
  4. Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
  5. Red Sea Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
  6. Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand

Kelp forests support biodiverse communities and contribute to many ecosystem services. However, some kelp are highly sensitive to increases in temperature, making them vulnerable to increasingly frequent marine heatwaves. Other local drivers, such as sediment pollution, may exacerbate the impacts of marine heatwaves on kelp. This presentation will summarise several laboratory studies which explored the responses of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) sporophytes to simulated marine heatwaves. M. pyrifera from the warm edge of their range (Wellington, New Zealand) survived heatwaves of up to 20 °C, despite reduced growth rates, and could recover rapidly afterwards. However, at higher temperatures, sporophytes experienced much more severe physiological impacts, including reduced chlorophyll content, photosynthetic impairment, and mortality. The adverse impacts of heatwaves were exacerbated under light-limited conditions, with 100% mortality in some treatments. Sporophyte organic carbon content and δ13C increased with heatwave temperature, indicating that heat-stressed individuals likely increased their uptake of bicarbonate, which could be utilised for compensatory growth after the heatwave. The presentation will also describe a more recent experiment which compared the responses of warm edge and cold-water M. pyrifera populations to heatwaves. It is hoped that these findings will inform restoration efforts for this ecologically and economically important species.